Final Review

1- Caption Rules: {Copied off Bowie Photojournalism Blog}

1. First sentence includes major information about the photo (who, what, where, when, why, how).
2. First sentence should be written in present tense as if the action of the photo is still happening
3. Second sentence should be past tense, and should include background information.
4. Information in caption should not be obvious by looking at the photo.
5. If there are three or fewer recognizable people in the photo, you must give all of their names.
6. Use strong action verbs whenever possible.

2- Rules of photography

1. Rule of thirds- the idea of not having your subject centered in your photo but off to one side on the thirds of a grid.
2. Balancing Elements- when there are more objects or subjects off to one side of the image, you can balance out the subjects by placing some on the other end of the image.
3. Leading Lines- Lines in an image that lead and take you straight to a subject to pull you in and follow.
4. Symmetry and Patterns (Repetition)- Symmetry is when the image is balanced out and identical to the other side. Repetition and patterns are quite similar for patterns are just elements that have been repeated.
5. Viewpoint- Viewpoint includes many different perspectives in which an image can be taken.
6. Background- An element or part that is behind your subject but still part of the image.
7. Create depth- When taking your images you will have blurred out or small subjects that show that they are in the back and farther away, creating depth and a 3D feel.
8. Framing- Using subjects in your image to border anther subject present.
9. Cropping-To take a close photo of your subject as to get rid of unnecessary objects and "noise."
10. Mergers and avoiding them- Mergers include sticking the same colors together or having an object sticking out of your subject. You have to avoid this so the image isn't confusing or weird.

3- Aperture, Shutter Speed and ISO

• Aperture- Is the size of the hole of your shutter. The larger the fstop, the smaller the hole. The smaller the hole, more things in the background will be in focus. If you want a blurry background you have to use a smaller fstop to get a larger hole.
• Shutter Speed- Is measured in seconds and fractions of a second. It is how fast the shutters open. Used to blur things, or to make them sharp and clear. Can also capture items in action, making them look as though stopped in time.
• ISO- The sensitivity to light the image will have.

4- Ethics of Manipulation

• Acceptable:
• Cropping
• Levels
• Not Acceptable:
• Altering colors
• Altering objects, peoples, animals, etc.
• Displaying false information as true.

5- Types of Portraits

• Environmental- A portrait taken in the subject's environment, and says something about them.
• Self- Taken by oneself. Can vary as to how they look.
• Casual- Not a professional headshot sort of image. Used to show something interesting about the person, can be creative.
• formal- are a bit more professional compared to informal.
• informal- are a bit more creative.

6- Photographic Terms

• Exposure- The amount of light taken in by the camera in a photo.
• Depth of field- Distance that is sharp enough to make the image have dimensions.
• Focal length- Distance between the lens and image sensor

7- Magazine Cover Types

• Early- Illustration based
• Poster- Includes title, caption and photo. Very simple and are rare and look like, well movie posters and such.
• Married to Type- Type is made to work with the photo, such as having it flow with the photograph.
• Forest of Words- Words! Words! Words! The type is more important than the photo in some cases. Words are all over the place and very important.